Marvel Champions: The Card Game

Yes — a player may exhaust an ally as the defender and all damage from that attack is dealt to the ally; if the ally is defeated, additional damage does not carry over to the identity, and if the ally leaves play before damage is dealt the identity becomes the target instead. (Rules Reference p9; Rulebook p12)

No — changing form simply flips your identity card; your ready/exhausted state, damage, attachments, tokens, and status cards remain on the character. (Rulebook p11; Rules Reference p21)

When a card with Surge is revealed, the player resolving it deals themselves one facedown encounter card from the encounter deck (after resolving the original card and any immediate responses). (Rules Reference p42)

A 'When Revealed' ability resolves immediately after the card is revealed (treachery cards resolve then go to the encounter discard); 'When Revealed' on villain and main scheme cards cannot be canceled. (Rulebook p17; Rules Reference p48)

Yes — during your turn you may perform options like playing cards, using basic attack or basic thwart, and using allies in any order and as many times as you want so long as you can pay costs and meet restrictions; the only common limit is you may change form only once per turn. (Rulebook p10–12)

The players win if they defeat the final villain stage by reducing it to zero hit points; the villain wins if the main scheme’s final stage is completed or if all players are eliminated. (Rulebook p9; Rules Reference p47–48)