Deus

Yes — to construct a standard building you must have at least one wooden piece of that building’s type on your player board; if you don’t, you cannot play the card (p.4).

No — you cannot construct a building in a region occupied by a barbarian village (even if there are no longer VP on that village); once a village is successfully attacked it is no longer considered a barbarian village for card effects (p.4–5).

Temple cards are placed in the temple column on your player board and later temples require a number of colored cards to be built (e.g., 2nd temple needs 1 card of each color); you pay the temple cost (1 of each resource, or 4 Gold per resource) and place a wooden temple in one of your regions (not an empty region), but if the temple supply is empty you may still play the Temple card and simply do not place a wooden temple (p.5).

When all adjacent regions are occupied and there is at least one army, the player with the most armies in the adjacent regions attacks and wins the VP on the village; ties are broken by who has built more buildings in those regions, and if still tied the tied players share the VP (rounding down) (p.5).

You must discard at least one card, invoke the god shown on the topmost discarded card and apply its power, then draw from the deck to replenish your hand to 5 (Minerva grants extra draws per discarded card); you can never have more than 10 cards in hand (p.6).

Yes — when paying a construction cost each resource may be replaced by 4 Gold (this substitution applies only to paying construction costs) (p.4).